KECEDERAAN SENDI DAN OTOT
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KECEDERAAN MINOR
|
||
RICE / PRICE’S
P (Prevention )
Minum air sebelum, semasa dan selepas / makanan kabohidrat/ streching
R (Rest)
I (Ice) <24 jam
C (Compress)
E (Elevation)
S (Splint) tuap
|
DRIC
D (don’t move)
R (rest)
Ampu sendi
I (imbolise / splint )
Tuapkan dengan
anggota badan / lembut / keras dan ikat bahagian sendi dulu (5)
C (carry ke hospital)
|
DRABC
D (danger)
R(response)
A (airway)
B(breathing)
C(circulation)
|
TOTAP T = Talk O = Observe T = Touch A = Active Movement P = Passive Movement |
Menilai tahap kesedaran
|
CPR adult / Cardio Pulmonary
Resusitasion
|
|
A
(alert / sedar ? )
V
(verbal/suara?)
P
(pain/ picit tripuroid muscle)
U
(unconscious / pengsan?)
|
D (danger)
R(response)
S(shout)
A (airway)
B(breathing)
C(circulation)
|
2
Hembusan
30
Tekanan
5
pusingan
@
12 Hembusan ( B xOK dan C OK)
B + C OK :
mangsa
recovery position
|
Bil
|
Senarai
Peralatan PC
|
Kegunaan
secara umum
|
1
|
Alcohol
Pad
|
Mencuci
luka
|
2
|
Anduh (triangle bandage)
|
Anduh
dan balutan
|
3
|
Balm
( Vicks )
|
Melegakan
sakit kepala / hidung
|
4
|
Brunol
(luka)
|
Menyembuhkan
luka / sapuan
|
5
|
Cold
/ Hot Pack ( tuaman )
|
Kecederaan
sendi / lebam ( sejuk <24 jam )
|
6
|
Cotton
( kapas )
|
Mencuci
luka + air / sabun
|
7
|
Cotton
Bud ( putik kapas)
|
Mencuci
luka kecil / lubang or sapu ubat
|
8
|
Counter
pain lotion (pink)
|
Memanaskan
otot sebelum bekerja
|
9
|
Crepe
bandage ( anjal )
|
Menetap
dan mengemaskan kecederaan sendi
|
10
|
Deep
Cold (Mentholatum)
|
Mengurangkan
kesakitan dan meneruskan kerja
|
11
|
Deep
Heating Rub
|
Memanaskan
otot sebelum bekerja
|
12
|
Dettol
|
Mencuci
luka (sedikit) dan peralatan
|
13
|
Ethylchloride
Spray (biru)
|
Menghilangkan
kesakitan / kebas segera
|
14
|
Gause
( kain kasa )
|
Pembebat
or alas ubat luka
|
15
|
Gloves
( sarung tangan )
|
Melindungi
tangan sebelum menyentuh
|
16
|
Glucose
( minuman )
|
Memberikan
tenaga bancuhan + air
|
17
|
Ice
box ( peti ais kecil )
|
Memuatkan
ais kiub + tuaman sejuk
|
18
|
Krim
/ losyen melecet
|
Menyembuhkan
melecet / sapuan
|
19
|
LMS
(minyak kuda)
|
Memanaskan
otot sebelum bekerja
|
20
|
Losyen
Antiseptic
|
Menyembuhkan
luka / sapuan
|
21
|
Minyak
cap kapak
|
Mengurangkan
sakit kepala
|
22
|
Minyak
gamat / angin / alphiat
|
Pelbagai
/ mengurangkan sakit; kegunaan atas kulit
|
23
|
Plaster
luka ( Hundredplast )
|
Membebat
dan menyembuhkan luka kecil
|
24
|
Plaster
Berubat ( koyok )
|
Mengurangkan
kesakitan otot / sendi
|
25
|
Plastic
bag
|
Alas
tangan / menyimpan / membuang sampah / amputasi
|
26
|
Roller
bandage ( pembalut )
|
Membebatkan
luka
|
27
|
Sloan’s
Liniment (deep heat )
|
Memanaskan
otot sebelum bekerja
|
28
|
Sports
Oil
|
Memanaskan
otot sebelum bekerja
|
29
|
Tapping
( pita pelekat )
|
Menstabilkan
otot olahraga
|
30
|
Topeng
poket ( pocket mask)
|
Kegunaan
CPR
|
31
|
Tuap
( splint )
|
Menetapkan
kedudukan spt patah
|
l
|
Rest
Rest is a key component of repairing
the body. Without rest, continual strain is placed on the affected area,
leading to increased inflammation, pain, and possible further injury.
Additionally, some soft tissue injuries will take longer to heal without rest.
There is also a risk of abnormal repair or chronic inflammation resulting from
a failure to rest. In general, the period of rest should be long enough that
the patient is able to use the affected limb with the majority of function
restored and pain essentially gone.
Ice
Ice is excellent at reducing the
inflammatory response and the pain from heat generated.[5] Proper
usage of ice can reduce the destruction over-response which can result from
inflammation.[5] A
good method is ice 20 minutes of each hour. Other recommendations are an
alternation of ice and no-ice for 15–20 minutes each, for a 24–48 hour period.[6] To
prevent localised ischemiaor frostbite to
the skin, it is recommended that the ice be placed within a towel before
wrapping around the area.[citation needed]
Exceeding the recommended time for ice
application may be detrimental, as it has been shown to delay healing.[7]
Compression
Compression aims to reduce the edematous swelling
that results from the inflammatory process. Although some swelling is
inevitable, too much swelling results in significant loss of function,
excessive pain and eventual slowing of blood flow through vessel restriction.[citation needed]
An elastic bandage,
rather than a firm plastic bandage (such as zinc-oxide tape) is required. Usage
of a tight, non-elastic bandage will result in reduction of adequate blood
flow, potentially causing ischemia. The fit should be snug so as to not move freely, but
still allow expansion for when muscles contract and fill with blood.
Compression stockings are a viable
option to manage swelling with graded compression. These garments are
especially effective post-operatively and are used in virtually all hospitals
to manage acute or chronic swelling, such as congestive heart failure.[citation needed]
Elevation
Elevation aims to reduce swelling by
increasing venous return of blood to the systemic circulation. This will result
in less edema which
reduces pain.[citation needed]
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